UNODC Global Report of Trafficking in Persons 2012:
-134 countries have criminalized trafficking by the Trafficking in Persons Protocol(2003) -a part of the United Nations Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons (2010) -purpose is to inform about human trafficking patterns and flows -based on samples of official TIP cases globally -International Labour Organization (ILO) -> 20.9 mill people are forced into labour globally --> # of victims of forced labour because of trafficking is unknown -women make up 55-60% of trafficking victims(2009 report)-> that % going down as trafficking of children seems to be increasing (27% of victims are children 2010 -> 20% victims children in 2006) -2/3s of convicted traffickers are men -> 30% convicted are women (more frequent in the trafficking of girls, have low ranking positions, easier to get caught) - in Africa, middle east, south/east asia they have found more cases of forced labour than other forms of exploitation -worldwide TIP for sexual exploitation is more common than forced labour (can be biased as European countries detect more victims than any other region) - trafficking of organs was 0.2% of all detected cases (2010) - trafficking for begging, forced marriages, illegal adoption, participation in armed combat, and commission of crime (made up 6% of detected cases) are not specifically mentioned in Trafficking of Persons Protocol -1/2 victims being trafficked to a country in the same region, 1/4 to a different region, 27% are trafficked domestically -many countries reported increases than decreases in convictions in TIP cases between 2007-2012 -challenges- research, development, and monitoring and evaluation
Global Report on TIP (2009)
report gathered data from 155 territories and countries
in 2003 only 35% of countries had a specific offense on trafficking in their legislation
in 2009 80% of countries had a specific offense on trafficking in their legislation
The Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons came into effect in December 2003
as of 2008 63% of countries (who participated in this report) have passed laws addressing the major issues of TIP
54% of responding countries have established a special anti-human trafficking police unit
46 countries say women play a key role in human trafficking
in low-income countries-trafficking is mostly local
in high-income countries-offenders are more likely to be foreign
16 countries said 66% of trafficked people were women, 13% girls, 12% men, and 9% boys
UNESCO-South Africa Trafficking Report (2007)
Human Trafficking in South Africa: Root Causes and Recommendations
-especially focuses on trafficking of women and girls -trafficking happens because of poverty (bad education and no employment opportunities) -South Africa has poverty, also direct flights and shipping to Europe, making it ideal for trafficking -UNICEF estimated the 1,200,000 children were trafficked globally in 2000 -in S.A. estimated 47,000 children working in exploitative labour -30,000 child prostitutes (they are venerable much more likely to be trapped into trafficking) -gender discrimination still prominent in SA -anti-trafficking laws are being developed -many organized crime groups
UNODC- TIP to Europe for sexual exploitation
-greatest variety of nationalities found in victims trafficked to West/Central Europe -84% trafficked to West/Central Europe for sexual exploitation -in 2006 the entire Western Hemisphere recorded only 150 convictions of human trafficking --> same number as Germany -most victim trafficked to West/Central Europe from former Soviet Union -victims from South America mostly trafficked to Spain, Italy, Portugal, France, the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, and Switzerland --> almost all for sexual exploitation (higher rates of Brazilians detected) -in Africa trafficking is mostly West African (mainly Nigerian women and girls) --> in North Africa trafficking is lower but may be increasing --> trafficking from East Africa goes mainly to the UK -trafficking from East Asia is mostly Thai, Viet Nam, Chinese, and Cambodian women --> mainly trafficked for indoor prostitution -traffickers mostly promise employment (70% of traffickers use this method in Ukraine) -from the Balkans, the former Soviet Union and Central Europe the majority of victims are recruited by people they know (in Ukraine 11% are trafficked with cooperations from their husbands) -in Ukraine 20% of victims they will have to render sexual services but they don’t know the conditions under what they will have to work -violence is often used to control victims -the minimum number of victims trafficked in Europe and North America is 279,000 in 2005 -about 1/7 of sex workers are trafficked -the trafficked victims in europe will produce 50 million from sexual services annually -the number of victims of trafficking for sexual exploitation detected by authorities in Europe increased 20% between 2005 and 2006 -about 60% of victims originate from Balkans, Central Europe, and former soviet union
Outline:
Categories:
1. 2012 TIP Info
-looked at progress on trafficking laws from 2009 to 2012
-found country specific statistics about trafficking victims and trafficking -looked at trafficking court cases in specific countries
2. 2009 TIP Info
-first report gathered on global TIP info, gathered info from 155 countries, mandated by GA -looked at legislations in countries and described trafficking -done by the UNODC
3. Contrasting Country Specific TIP Info (Europe & South Africa)
-types of trafficking
-convictions in court
-motivation and causes of trafficking
South Africa; - the major causes of trafficking
- the biggest types of trafficking and why in SA
-what types of laws are being developed
Europe;
-where and why they are trafficked
-looked at number of victims and other stats from 2005 to 2006
-how people are trafficked, methods used by traffickers
Reports on Human Trafficking
T.I.P - Trafficking in Persons
Human Trafficking Facts <- UN.GIFT
Report Links
2012 Report
http://www.ungift.org/knowledgehub/en/publications.html?vf=/doc/knowledgehub/resource-centre/UNODC/Trafficking_in_Persons_2012.pdf
2009 Report
http://www.ungift.org/knowledgehub/en/publications.html?vf=/doc/knowledgehub/resource-centre/GIFT_Global_Report_Executive_summary_Sp.pdf&tid=1647
UNODC report
http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-trafficking/global-report-on-trafficking-in-persons.html
FBI Program
http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/investigate/civilrights/human_trafficking
UNODC- Trafficking in Europe
http://www.loc.gov/lawweb/servlet/lloc_news?disp3_l205402094_text
UN.GIFT <------Many publications here
http://www.ungift.org/knowledgehub/publications.html
Trafficking&Global Crime Control
http://www.ungift.org/knowledgehub/en/publications.html?vf=/doc/knowledgehub/resource-centre/Lee_Trafficking_CH_01.pdf&tid=1640
UNESCO Report on South Africa
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001528/152823e.pdf
human trafficking.org-southeast asia
http://www.humantrafficking.org/regions/south_and_central_asia
Asia Foundation-Vietnam
http://asiafoundation.org/resources/pdfs/FINALVNTraffickingReport0808.pdf
UN News Centre-Children Human Trafficking
http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=43750#.UVOcjFuH7cY
Report Summaries
UNODC Global Report of Trafficking in Persons 2012:
-134 countries have criminalized trafficking by the Trafficking in Persons Protocol(2003)-a part of the United Nations Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons (2010)
-purpose is to inform about human trafficking patterns and flows
-based on samples of official TIP cases globally
-International Labour Organization (ILO) -> 20.9 mill people are forced into labour globally --> # of victims of forced labour because of trafficking is unknown
-women make up 55-60% of trafficking victims(2009 report)-> that % going down as trafficking of children seems to be increasing (27% of victims are children 2010 -> 20% victims children in 2006)
-2/3s of convicted traffickers are men -> 30% convicted are women (more frequent in the trafficking of girls, have low ranking positions, easier to get caught)
- in Africa, middle east, south/east asia they have found more cases of forced labour than other forms of exploitation
-worldwide TIP for sexual exploitation is more common than forced labour (can be biased as European countries detect more victims than any other region)
- trafficking of organs was 0.2% of all detected cases (2010)
- trafficking for begging, forced marriages, illegal adoption, participation in armed combat, and commission of crime (made up 6% of detected cases) are not specifically mentioned in Trafficking of Persons Protocol
-1/2 victims being trafficked to a country in the same region, 1/4 to a different region, 27% are trafficked domestically
-many countries reported increases than decreases in convictions in TIP cases between 2007-2012
-challenges- research, development, and monitoring and evaluation
Global Report on TIP (2009)
report gathered data from 155 territories and countriesUNESCO-South Africa Trafficking Report (2007)
Human Trafficking in South Africa: Root Causes and Recommendations-especially focuses on trafficking of women and girls
-trafficking happens because of poverty (bad education and no employment opportunities)
-South Africa has poverty, also direct flights and shipping to Europe, making it ideal for trafficking
-UNICEF estimated the 1,200,000 children were trafficked globally in 2000
-in S.A. estimated 47,000 children working in exploitative labour
-30,000 child prostitutes (they are venerable much more likely to be trapped into trafficking)
-gender discrimination still prominent in SA
-anti-trafficking laws are being developed
-many organized crime groups
UNODC- TIP to Europe for sexual exploitation
-greatest variety of nationalities found in victims trafficked to West/Central Europe
-84% trafficked to West/Central Europe for sexual exploitation
-in 2006 the entire Western Hemisphere recorded only 150 convictions of human trafficking --> same number as Germany
-most victim trafficked to West/Central Europe from former Soviet Union
-victims from South America mostly trafficked to Spain, Italy, Portugal, France, the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, and Switzerland --> almost all for sexual exploitation (higher rates of Brazilians detected)
-in Africa trafficking is mostly West African (mainly Nigerian women and girls) --> in North Africa trafficking is lower but may be increasing
--> trafficking from East Africa goes mainly to the UK
-trafficking from East Asia is mostly Thai, Viet Nam, Chinese, and Cambodian women --> mainly trafficked for indoor prostitution
-traffickers mostly promise employment (70% of traffickers use this method in Ukraine)
-from the Balkans, the former Soviet Union and Central Europe the majority of victims are recruited by people they know (in Ukraine 11% are trafficked with cooperations from their husbands)
-in Ukraine 20% of victims they will have to render sexual services but they don’t know the conditions under what they will have to work
-violence is often used to control victims
-the minimum number of victims trafficked in Europe and North America is 279,000 in 2005
-about 1/7 of sex workers are trafficked
-the trafficked victims in europe will produce 50 million from sexual services annually
-the number of victims of trafficking for sexual exploitation detected by authorities in Europe increased 20% between 2005 and 2006
-about 60% of victims originate from Balkans, Central Europe, and former soviet union
Outline:
Categories:
1. 2012 TIP Info-looked at progress on trafficking laws from 2009 to 2012
-found country specific statistics about trafficking victims and trafficking
-looked at trafficking court cases in specific countries
2. 2009 TIP Info
-first report gathered on global TIP info, gathered info from 155 countries, mandated by GA
-looked at legislations in countries and described trafficking
-done by the UNODC
3. Contrasting Country Specific TIP Info (Europe & South Africa)
-types of trafficking
-convictions in court
-motivation and causes of trafficking
South Africa;
- the major causes of trafficking
- the biggest types of trafficking and why in SA
-what types of laws are being developed
Europe;
-where and why they are trafficked
-looked at number of victims and other stats from 2005 to 2006
-how people are trafficked, methods used by traffickers